In the karst territories of north-eastern Italy, researchers from the Civic Museum of Natural History of Trieste have discovered a stable population of these parasites, equipped with eyes and capable of transmitting a particular hemorrhagic fever. The infection in animals is generally asymptomatic, while in humans it can cause a potentially lethal multi-system syndrome. How to avoid being stung: all the advice.
by Lorenzo Sangermano
The presence of the marginated tick (Hyalomma marginatum), a species of giant tick native to North Africa and the Middle East, was recently confirmed on the Trieste Karst. This parasite, known for its ability to chase prey, has been monitored since its initial appearance and researchers from the Civic Museum of Natural History of Trieste have documented a stable population and a growing presence in Friuli-Venezia Giulia.
Sightings of the marginata tick in Italy are not rare. In the past, individual specimens have been found as hosts of migratory birds or live animals transported from abroad.
The current situation, however, is different: the presence of a stable population suggests that the marginata tick has found a favorable environment for its survival and proliferation. Experts point to climate change as the main cause of the establishment of this species. The less rigid winter temperatures on the Karst, due to the absence of prolonged frosts, have created ideal conditions for the survival of the marginata tick.
This parasite is easily distinguishable by its size, which can reach two centimeters. Unlike the more common wood ticks (Ixodes ricinus), the marginata tick has eyes that it can use to chase its prey. In fact, it can move for tens of meters in search of a target, using not only sight but also the perception of vibrations, body heat and carbon dioxide emitted by animals and humans.
The chosen habitat also represents a distinctive characteristic of these specimens. While woodland ticks are found mainly in tall, damp grass, the marginated tick prefers open, sunny areas with short grass and stones, typical of the karst landscape.
This species is feared both for its aggressiveness and, in particular, for its ability to transmit serious diseases. This parasite is the main vector of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus in Europe. The disease is very dangerous in humans and can cause high fever, shock and hemorrhages.
According to the Istituto Superiore di Sanità, the infection in animals is generally asymptomatic, while in humans it can cause a multi-system syndrome with high lethality, for which there is currently no specific therapy. Possible treatments focus only on managing symptoms and supporting vital functions.
Prevention is the key to avoiding tick bites. Experts recommend wearing appropriate clothing when visiting risk areas: long trousers and long-sleeved shirts, preferably in light colors to facilitate the identification of specimens. The use of insect repellents is also recommended, although some preparations effective against other species may be less effective in keeping the marginata tick away.
In the event of a bite, it is essential to remove the parasite as soon as possible. The best method is to use fine-tipped tweezers, grasp the tick as close to the skin as possible and pull gently but firmly. It is important to avoid direct contact with bare hands and not to use home methods such as applying petroleum jelly, alcohol or other solvents, which risk increasing the possibility of infection.
The arrival of the marginated tick in Northern Italy represents a new health alarm, the risks of which can however be minimized by awareness and prevention. By adopting appropriate measures and reacting promptly in the event of a bite, you can protect your health and that of your community.
Opening: This is what a marginated tick looks like: eyes that allow it to follow its prey and dimensions that are much larger than the classic woodland tick.
Photo: IPA
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