Employment dynamics, despite the decline, agriculture is the sector that includes the most activations: 40.1% of the total. With Puglia and Calabria, the trio of regions where fixed income is the most widespread contract
Employment, Lucanian situation in chiaroscuro. Among the positive data, the following: in Italy the percentage change between the transformations of employment relationships from fixed-term to permanent employment relationships recorded in 2023 and those of the previous year exceeds the national average of 4% for Valle D’Aosta (+ 26.3%) and for Calabria (+18.3%), Campania (+11%), Sicily (+9.4%), Basilicata (8.8%), Puglia (7.6 %), Molise (4.9%)”. On the dynamics of the employee and para-subordinate labor market in the 2021-2023 time frame, the data in the annual ministerial report on Mandatory Communications 2024.
SECTORAL DIVISION
With reference to 2023, with regards to the employment relationships activated, overall, by subdividing the prevalent sectors by region, there is a vast area in Southern Italy with a strong prevalence of activations in the Agricultural sector, made up of Basilicata (40.1% of total), Puglia, Calabria, Sicily and Molise, while Sardinia and Campania, with a predominant share dedicated to the hotel and restaurant sector, show a superior tourist vocation. Therefore, analyzing the regional composition of activations by sector of economic activity, it is observed that the regions of Southern Italy represent the Agriculture sector to a greater extent in terms of volumes of activations: in 2023, compared to a national average of 11% .2%, Basilicata and Puglia recorded respectively 40.1% and 33.9% of the contracts started, Calabria 30.3%, Sicily 20.6% and Molise (16.8% ). Shares higher than the national average are also found in the Autonomous Province of Bolzano (22.2%), in the Autonomous Province of Trento (16.8%), in Umbria (11.4%) and in EmiliaRomagna (11.3%), while Lombardy and Liguria absorb the smallest percentage of Agriculture activations with just under 3%. For Basilicata, the data on agriculture has greater prominence, considering that in 2023 the employment relationships activated in the sector were lower than those of the previous year by 3.9%. Overall, considering all sectors, 152 thousand and 602 employment contracts were activated in Basilicata in 2023 (+1.1% compared to 151 thousand and 4 in 2022). In percentage terms, but relative to individual sectors, from 2022 to 2023, in Basilicata positive changes for the trade and repairs sector (+11.5%), hotels and restaurants (+10%) and other public, social and personal services ( +9.7). As the report explains, «with reference to Services, in the Trade and repairs sector, growing by 2.9%, the most significant variations concern regions belonging to different territorial areas, in particular Basilicata (11.5%), Valle d’Aosta (+11.3%), Campania (+6.6%) and Veneto (5.5%) as well as in Hotels and restaurants – which, due to the specific characteristics of the sector, had suffered the highest drop in activations in 2020 – the variations are distributed more heterogeneously between the regions; compared to a national average of 7.6%, the greatest increases for this sector occur in Lazio (+13.8%), Sicily (+12.7%), Campania (+12.2%) as well as in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Basilicata and Lombardy”.
BREAKDOWN BY CONTRACTUAL TYPE
Considering, however, the percentage composition of the relationships activated by type of contract, it emerges that the fixed-term relationship, equal to 66.4% of the total in 2023, represents the most widespread form of formalization of employment contracts. The incidence of this institution is above the national average in all the regions of Southern Italy: in particular in Basilicata, Puglia and Calabria it represents 82.2%, 80.9% and 80% respectively, 8% of contractual formalizations. Permanent employment relationships, which concern 14.2% of the total, show values significantly higher than the national average in the North, in particular in Lombardy (20.2%), Piedmont (19.3%) and Veneto ( 17.7%), while lower values are recorded in the South, in particular in Puglia (7.6%) and in Basilicata (7.9%). Regarding Collaboration Contracts (equal to 5.5%), it can be seen that the greatest weight is mainly found in the Centre-North regions, reaching the highest shares in Umbria and Marche (both 7.9%), Piedmont (6, 9%), Veneto (6.7%), while the smallest percentages are found in Basilicata (2.2%) and Valle D’Aosta (2.6%). Extracurricular internships decreased by 4.1%. As regards the duration, it is noted that the regions with the highest percentage of relationships terminated after at least one year from the date of activation are Piedmont (24.1%), Lombardy (23.2%), Veneto (22.8 %), FriuliVenezia Giulia (20.3%), while smaller shares are found in particular in Puglia (8.9%), Basilicata (9.2%) and Calabria (10.8%). With reference to dismissal, which represents 5.5% of the total causes of termination, in 2023 the largest shares concern Sardinia and Campania (both equal to 7.2%) and while the smallest ones are found in the Autonomous Province of Trento , in the Autonomous Province of Bolzano (equal to 2.5% and 2.6% respectively) and in Basilicata (equal to 3.8%). Values between 4.0% and 4.4% are found in Puglia, Lazio and Valle d’Aosta, regions mostly with a tourist vocation.
By A.Carponi
