ECONOMIC AND ACCOUNTING DISTINCTION OF GOODS
Economic distinction: (based on the frequency of transfer deeds of
their value)
• THE GOODS IN FR GO INTO TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS;
• THE GOODS AT FS GO INTO THE DISPOSALS. ECONOMIC;
Accounting distinction:
• GOODS WITH A VALUE EXCEEDING THE ANNUAL INCOME ARE PLACED IN THE
IMM. MATERIALS;
• GOODS IN FR WHOSE VALUE WILL RUN OUT WITHIN THE YEAR GO TO THE DISPOSALS.
ECONOMIC;
RIGHTS OR ECONOMIC CREDITS:
Still focusing the analysis on economic stocks, including rights or credits of nature
economy that express “expectation” or “potential” to enjoy services is logical
divide them in relation to the temporal extent of the right to enjoy them
same services.
• intangible assets: Economic credits with a multi-year duration, rights which
can be boasted for multiple administrative periods, known with the
intangible assets.
name of (Patent rights, trademarks of
factory, licenses, concessions…)
• Economic availability/Prepaid expenses: economic credits of shorter duration
per year, i.e. which run out in the near future administrative period, which
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accounting tradition recognizes it as economic availability in this case
of prepaid expenses; it is therefore a value relating to a service of which
we could enjoy in the next administrative period, but it does not remain
physically in stock. (Rents, fees, premiums…)
Prepaid expenses = monetary value that the company has of a right still to be enjoyed in
next administrative period compared to the one considered. (EX. Company A has
rented a space in which to carry out their business for three months, from December
2020 to February 202. Payment was made in advance for €3000 in
date 1 December 2020.)
ECONOMIC OBLIGATIONS OR DEBTS:
Like rights, the economic obligations assumed by the company must also be divided into
relation to the extension of the period of time during which he lives on that commitment;
they refer to commitments to provide services, access economic value, in favor of
third parties, who, at the time of the analysis, were employed by the business unit.
• MULTI-YEAR ANTICIPATED ANNUITIES: long-term economic obligations or debts
beyond the year that accounting theory knows precisely as anticipated annuities
multi-year periods, the company therefore transfers value to third parties over a multi-year duration.
• ACCRUED PAYABLES: economic obligations or debts lasting less than one year
are identified with the name of deferred income, the company therefore gives up value in the
next administrative period.
PREFERRED EXPENSES: monetary value of the commitment that the company has made to
provide a service to third parties and in the future administrative period. (EG. Company B has
rented a space for 3 months, from December 2018 to February 2019. The
collection was made in advance for €3000 on 1 December 2018.)
• “LIQUID CASH EQUIVALENTS”
3rd AGGREGATE (IMMEDIATE LIQUIDITIES)
The currency available at the moment of assessment of the company’s assets together
to its substitutes, such as cheques, sight deposits, foreign currencies, BOTs.
FINANCIAL STOCKS: FINANCIAL RIGHTS OR CREDITS
Within the scope of replacement stocks, financial rights or credits are appreciated every time
whenever the collection of the money is postponed in time. They are accounting needs and
operational that cause business analysts to separate financial rights or credits into
collectible, from those not collectible.
NON DEMANDABLE: non collectible loans are a particular form of loan, which
the company in question provides to others and for which reimbursement is not foreseen, nor
a remuneration for the service provided, therefore it is a loan
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permanent. Its reduction in currency is carried out only through the sale to
third parties of that particular type of credit, whose ownership allows you to assume
the status of co-owner or partner.
Purchased/Subscribes to shares
% of the capital of
COMPANY MEMBER B
In order to have a more incisive control of management dynamics, it is appropriate
divide the financial receivables due into
relation to their duration, therefore
Company A Company B
we can separate financial credits
payable in:
REQUIRED:
• FINANCIAL FIXED ASSETS: receivables with a multi-year duration whose
translation into money will gradually manifest itself in subsequent periods;
• FINANCIAL AVAILABLE: lasting less than one year, in the sense that their
collection will take place through accepted shared contractual clauses, in the period
administrative immediately following the moment of the analysis. (Liquid assets
deferred).
CREDITS: interest income (How the capital will be remunerated
loan)
DEBTS: interest payable
ACCRUED INCOME: right that the company
boasts to another company to collect money that will become due in
next administrative period (E.G. Company C has rented a room
for 3 months, from December 2020 to February 2021. The collection of an amount equal to
€3000, is postponed to February 28, 2021).
The set of rights, whether economic or financial, represents the complex of
potential that the company has to achieve its mission and those
potential is expressed in the uses made by the company itself. The obligations
which any company must submit to expresses in the way now adopted
to obtain an availability of financial resources represent the sources from which
draws on those same resources.
DUE DEBTS: represented by financial resources received by the company as o
with loan restrictions and therefore only available temporarily;
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• Within the year;
• Beyond the year;
OWN EQUITY – NON-DEMANDABLE DEBTS: relating to financial means granted
to the company as a title or with an equity constraint and which, therefore, remain
within its economy permanently, constituting the so-called means
own.
Economic debts reveal an obligation on the part of the company to provide services to third parties;
this obligation allows the company to receive resources in return
financial. For this reason, we can consider an economic debt as
a source of financial resources.
There
qualitative structure of corporate assets implies the representation of sources
of financial resources distributed in order of collectibility.
So from top to bottom they come from the statement of financial position
disposed of the assets for which the obligation to return is most pressing
funding received. (Own funds – DOA – DEA)
The loans, in the same statement, are distributed in order of
liquidity, i.e. according to the ability of those assets to exist
transformed into cash without suffering losses. (II – IM – IF – DE – DF – LIQUIDITY)
The assets of any company are the unitary complex of the uses of
financial resources that it has made available to carry out its mission and
sources from which he drew those same resources, but also the unitary complex of
rights and economic and financial obligations attributable to its legal entity.
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LESSON N°14 – QUANTITATIVE VALUE OF HERITAGE
Company assets are the system of resources intended for carrying out the business
business economics; it is analyzed qualitatively to understand the role played
from its elements. The quality of the elements of the patrimonial system is expressed in
different units of measurement, and is referable to the element being considered. Must
use the monetary instrument to measure assets.
We need to size the individual parts of the system quantitatively
For:
• Being able to appreciate the precise correlation between available means and objectives
reach;
• Identify assets of significant management value;
– Qualitative configuration of company assets:
LOANS = Debts (External Source) + Equity (Internal Source)
I = D + MP
MP = I – D
We can consider the complex of jobs in their monetary value
Available gross assets,
synthesis, defining it as whereby:
The PLs
→
PL = D + MP
Net equity, on the other hand, corresponds to the company’s own resources:
PN = PL – D
41 PN = MP
QUALITATIVE ASPECT QUANTITATIVE ASPECT
ACTIVITY OR ACTIVE EMPLOYMENTS
SOURCES LIABILITY OR LIABILITY
DEBTS PAYABLE LIABILITIES
OWN EQUITY NON-DUE LIABILITIES
A = P + PN
In summary, the wording:
PN = A – P
It represents the foundation for any investigation into the assets of any company and
on its ability to achieve positive economic results.
The most significant asset size is certainly the net worth,
also known as book value of assets or book value
of the company. To calculate it, it is sufficient to attribute the monetary value to each
of the active elements, in order to determine the total of the activities and to this
subtract the amount of debts, i.e. that of liabilities. It follows that the
net equity does not exist as such, since it is a recognized quantity
accounting, but it takes on an operational significance of extreme relevance, so much so
having to follow its evolution step by step.
Book value of company assets
Material Goods (BM)
+ rights to use services (DS)
+ Financial Credits (CF)
+ Available Money (DD)
– economic obligations (OE)
– Collectable financial debts (DFE)
= Book value of company assets (VCP)
The net worth recorded at the beginning of an administrative period is obtained from a
difference, and will be equal to the Net Equity recorded at the end of the same period
administrative PNi = Ai + Pi
PNf = Af + Pf
42 If PNf is different from PNi THEN
PNf > PNi = PNf PROFIT
U = PNf – PNi
Pr = PNi – PNf
The analysis of the aggregates that constitute the balance sheet assets is reflected in that
presented for the qualitative investigation, so much so
