April 30, almanac of the day

It happened today, the almanac of the day: the historical and political facts, who was born and who left us. What happened on April 30th

311 – Galerius promulgates an Edict in Serdica which grants forgiveness and freedom of worship to Christians, as long as they respect the laws
313 – Battle of Tzirallum: Licinius defeats Maximinus Daia, becoming the sole lord of the eastern part of the Roman Empire
1279 – Two strong earthquakes seriously damage the Umbria-Marche and Tuscan-Emilian Apennines
1379 – Battle of Marino.
1573 – The tower of Beauvais Cathedral collapses (150 m), which at the time was supposed to be the tallest building in the world.
1789 – On the balcony of Federal Hall on Wall Street, New York, George Washington takes the oath of office, becoming the first President of the United States
1799 – The Lancellotti Castle of Lauro (Italy) is set on fire by the French troops of General Jean Étienne Championnet stationed in the city of Sarno.
1803 – The United States purchases the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, more than doubling the size of the young nation
1812 – The Territory of Orleans becomes the 18th U.S. state, named Louisiana
1815 – Austro-Neapolitan War: Austrian troops under the command of Laval Nugent von Westmeath occupy Rome and restore Pope Pius VII to the throne.
1863 – Battle of Camerone.
1863 – American Civil War: The Battle of Chancellorsville begins – Union forces led by Major General Joseph Hooker begin fighting Confederate forces commanded by General Robert E. Lee (Union defeat)
1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Jenkin’s Ferry – retreating Union troops, commanded by General Frederick Steele, repel Confederate forces under General Edmund Kirby Smith
1900 – Hawaii becomes a territory of the United States
1904 – The World’s Fair opens in St. Louis, Missouri
1918 – Guatemala declares war on Germany
1939 – Franklin Delano Roosevelt is the first President of the United States to appear on television
1943 – World War II: Operation Mincemeat – The British submarine HMS Seraph surfaces in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Spain, depositing a body wearing false invasion plans and dressed in a British counter-intelligence officer’s uniform
1944 – An air raid hits the Municipal Theater and the Cristo popular neighborhood in Alessandria, causing 239 deaths

[1945–MassacreofciviliansinMeranoafterhostilitiesceasedbyNazisoldiersstillpresentinthecity
Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun commit suicide after being married for a day, Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz becomes the new President of the Reich;
Battle of Monte Casale in Ponti sul Mincio: it is considered the last real battle of the Second World War on Italian territory, a bloody clash fought by two partisan brigades (the Italia Brigade (Vr) and the Avesani Brigade) supported by the IX Regiment. to Arditi against a formation of fleeing Flak Nazis.
1948 – The Organization of American States is founded in Bogota, Colombia.
Land Rover is presented at the Amsterdam Auto Show
1950 – In Celano: Celano massacre: several shots were fired against a group of agricultural workers gathered in the square: two men fell dead and several were injured.
1967 – The last trips of the Mantua-Peschiera railway are carried out.
1973 – Watergate scandal: President Richard Nixon announces the resignations of some White House advisors, including H.R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman
1975 – Vietnam War: North Vietnamese troops occupy Saigon, ending the war
1977 – First march of the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo, who demanded information on their disappeared children.
1980 – Beatrix of the Netherlands ascends the throne
1993 – CERN announces that the World Wide Web will be free for everyone.
During a change of court at the Hamburg tennis tournament, Monica Seles is stabbed by a deranged supporter of her rival Steffi Graf. Seles would not play in tournaments again for more than two years after the accident
Tangentopoli: the Chamber of Deputies rejects four of the six authorizations to proceed for corruption and receiving stolen goods requested by the judiciary against Bettino Craxi. In the evening the secretary of the PSI was greeted in front of the Hotel Raphael in Rome, where he lived, by numerous demonstrators who began throwing pennies at him in protest.
1994 – During the qualifying session of the San Marino Formula 1 Grand Prix, the Austrian driver Roland Ratzenberger lost his life after going off the track at over 300 km/h at the Villeneuve curve following the failure of part of the front wing. .
1998 – NATO expands by approving the entry of the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland (the nations will be formally admitted on the occasion of NATO’s 50th anniversary in April of the following year)
1999 – Cambodia joins the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), bringing the total number to 10
2002 – A referendum in Pakistan overwhelmingly approves military rule of Pervez Musharraf for another five years
2008 – Gianfranco Fini is elected President of the Chamber of Deputies of the Italian Parliament
2009 – 2009 attack on the Dutch royal family: during the Koninginnedag (Queen’s Day) celebrations in Apeldoorn (Netherlands), a car plows at high speed into the crowd following the family’s honor parade real and ends his race against a monument. 8 people die (including the attacker) and 10 are injured.
2013 – Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands abdicates, her son Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands succeeds to the throne