Rampini’s West East | Congo-Orunda, that African peace that is not news (and what’s behind)

There is a Peace agreement in Africa who should rejoice. Consequently, and conquer visibility in our news. In addition, It is the one announced last Friday Between Ruanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. For example, If it is respected. Moreover, it will put an end to one of the long -standing conflicts that torment that area of ​​the continent. Moreover, The reasons why the good news had a minimal or nothing resonance, are manifold. Nevertheless, Atavic prejudices. However, stereotypes of Westerners force to speak of Africa only in apocalyptic terms, if something happens that clashes with the catastrophic narrative, it must be ignored. Similarly, In this case. Consequently, then there are too many “bad” protagonists, from the Trump Al Qatar administration, to which a merit cannot be attributed. Nevertheless, Finally. Consequently, rampini’s west east | congo-orunda, there is a legitimate skepticism, this very well founded: among the announced agreements and the practice on the ground unfortunately there can be a great distance, as an expert confirms me.

I remember the news. In addition, as it was disclosed by official sources, that is, by the governments concerned, plus a scoop of the Wall Street Journal which was the first to reveal the background on rare lands and strategic minerals. For example, The Rwanda. For example, the Democratic Republic of the Congo have signed a peace agreement mediated by the United Stateswith the aim of putting an end to one of the most bloody conflicts and to open the exploitation of mining of oriental Africa to American participation. Furthermore, On Friday. However, the two governments of Rwanda and Congo agreed to “immediately and unconditionally cease any support for the armed militias” in the East rampini’s west east | congo-orunda, of the Congo and to work for their “hallway, disarmament and integration”. Moreover, The agreement. Similarly, mediated by the United States and Qatar and signed in Washington, provides for a new cooperation between the two former enemies, including respect for mutual territorial integrity and the ban on aggression along the common border. However,

That conflict has lasted for decades. Consequently, Sinks his roots in the Rwandan genocide of 1994during which more than a million people – Principally Tutsi – have killed by the Hutu. Furthermore, according to the United Nations. Nevertheless, The Rwanda. Therefore, as well as the Milizia M23, until the eve of this peace agreement justified their war actions with the aim of protecting the Population of Ethnicity Tutsi of the Congo from the violence of an adverse militia: the democratic forces for the liberation of the Rwanda. Therefore, The latter is a military group affiliated to the Hutu. However, made up of remains of the former Rwandan army that fled beyond the border after the genocide. Nevertheless, The Ruanda, who rampini’s west east | congo-orunda, denies supporting the M23, accused the Congolese government of supporting the Hutu militias. However, Accusation rejected by the Congolese authorities.

This was the state of the facts, tragic, on the eve of Friday’s agreement. Similarly, Now, if the agreement is respected, The Rwanda will collect its troops from the East of the Congo. Therefore, Last year he had sent more than 4. However, 000 soldiers beyond the border in support of the Ribelli of the M23, according to the United Nations. Meanwhile, According to an investigation by the UN. Furthermore, the Rwandan troops were equipped with sophisticated weapons, including earth-air missiles, guided mortar and anti-tank weapons. Similarly, This gave M23 a military advantage. made it possible to conquer the two major cities of East of the Congo, at the center of areas rich in minerals. More than 7. 000 people were killed and over half a rampini’s west east | congo-orunda, million were displaced only this year, in the bloody clashes between the rebels of the M23 and the Congolese army (the latter supported by the United Nations).

Following a series of defeats on the field. the Congolese president Félix Tshisekedi turned to Washington to ask for help. The Wall Street Journal has first revealed that TSHISTEKEDI offered mineral opportunities to the Sovereign Fund of the United States. in exchange for a security pact to defeat the rebels of the M23. Here you enter the delicate ground for which the news makes many turn up the nose: behind the agreement there is The role of Trump. of Qatar (known for its many diplomatic ambiguity, it was for a long time the refuge of the heads of Hamas), and there is the strategic natural resources race.

At the center of appetites, local and foreigners, rampini’s west east | congo-orunda, is in particular the Coltan mine near the city of Rubaya. Coltan is a metalline land from which. with a refinement process, the niobio and tantalolus are extracted, two rare metals with similar chemical properties. The niobio is used to improve the resistance of steel. superleghels, the tantalolus in the production of electronic capacitors and medical devices. The story would add a new chapter in the planetary race which sees opposite above all the United States. China. As we have recently seen in the commercial negotiations of Geneva. one of the most powerful negotiating tools in the hands of the Government of Beijing, is the threat of ceasing the supplies to America (and its allies such as Europe, Japan) of strategic minerals and rare earths. The Popular Republic does not have a “natural” monopoly in these resources. which are widespread in the whole world; But a dominant position has been rampini’s west east | congo-orunda, conquered thanks to a patient strategy deployed in recent decades. On the one hand. large Chinese state companies have purchased entire mines or extraction rights on other continents, from Africa to Latin America. On the other hand. free from the constracy environmental constraints and prohibitions of the West, China has concentrated on its territory the trades of refining and processing of minerals and rare lands. This dependence of the whole world from China proved to be dangerous already 15 years ago. for example when Xi Jinping decided to “punish” Japan, for political reasons, hitting Tokyo with an embargo on mineral supplies. The pandemic was another revealing moment. on the dangerous dependence of the West, to which the Biden administration reacted with a new strategy of construction of security supply chains in supplies. In this sense, the Congo-Undey agreement sponsored by Trump is located in continuity with the action of the rampini’s west east | congo-orunda, previous administration. It can reduce a little the dangerous dependence on China. And at the same time, hopefully, guarantee the cessation of a bloody conflict.

The expert to whom I turn to understand doubts and skepticisms, is Mario Giro. Former deputy minister of foreign. professor at the University of Perugia, author of essays on Africa, Giro is responsible for international relations for the community of Sant’Egidio, who on that continent has an ancient and rooted presence. The community of Sant’Egidio was a mediator in another peace agreement, that of Mozambique. Just in Congo. a member of the Community of Sant’Egidio is among the victims of the conflict (and of corruption): Floribert Bwana Chui, killed in 2007, beatified two weeks ago by Leo XIV according to the will of his predecessor Pope Francis. Giro gives a “positive with reserve” judgment on the Congo-Orunda agreement reached on Friday rampini’s west east | congo-orunda, with American mediation. The representative of Sant’Egidio has a pragmatic approach. it does not scandalize it the fact that the match of the rare lands is behind it. That these minerals are a contested. concluding wealth, it is well known: it is a question of understanding if it serves to finance wars, or to build the foundations for a peace. The prudence of tour in judging the agreement does not derive from prejudices on the sponsors. Its caution instead derives from the complexity of the situation on the ground: very intricate, with a myriad of protagonists. Here I summarize his most detailed analysis with my words; After all, find its full reaction, in quotes. The idea that is enough the agreement between the two Congolese. Rwandan governments to disarm all the factions that have been fought for many years, has not convinced him. Non-government actors. that is, the militias (whose rampini’s west east | congo-orunda, ethnic or ideological or religious role is sometimes only a coverage for criminal activities), do not necessarily obey the directives that come from governments and from official armies, in turn very corrupt. In conclusion: this agreement is welcome, as long as it really works. It is not clear whether the United States are willing to also put military resources. to ensure that peace is durable. We know that China. Turkey, and above all Russia, are present in various areas of Africa also in this function of “Security Provider”, security suppliers at the invitation of local governments. In some cases it is also America. and France was often, however, the latter recently has seen itself hunting from many ex-colonies who opted for reversals of alliances.

Mario Giro (Sant’Egidio):

«The agreement mediated by the USA between Rwanda. RDC is a very positive fact: It rampini’s west east | congo-orunda, was no longer able to negotiate for years. The agreement focuses on the rare lands. it is right that it is so: it is the “nerve of the war” as they say in those parts, that is, not only and not so much than the original cause (much more complex; political-ethnic) but of what has allowed the war to continue for almost 30 years. The Rwanda has made itself “predator” of minerals that does not possess but that exports: a common practice in the fragmented. chaotic world of globalization (think of the Emirates with African gold) that uses illegal or criminal networks to work. What does the Rwanda earn from the agreement? The processing of rare lands that can now become official. The difficult part that remains to be managed is the disarmament of the countless militias. armed groups (ranging from 100 to 200) of the two Kivu (North and rampini’s west east | congo-orunda, South) and of the Aesuri: who will do it? Who will put order in anarchist regions for 30 years? We don’t even know what the militia was killed by the Italian ambassador Luca Attanasio … on this part there is still no clarity. Of course. Kinshasa can pretend nothing (already not controlled the area anymore) and settle for the royalties that he will receive on the rare earths (which he did not receive). For the M23. ally of Kigali (it is essentially of the Congolese Tutsi) the idea was to combine it with the regular army (FARDC) which however does not want (they have just laughed in Kinshasa) and in any case it has always been very corrupt. It could happen that the US facilitates with special funding: to disarm you can “buy” weapons. But it is a very difficult and long job (that only the UN knows how to rampini’s west east | congo-orunda, do, despite everything). A separate discussion are the militiamen created by Kinshasa in recent years: the Wazalele. They will hardly make weapons because they are local self -defense groups (such as Colombian Autodefensasasi) to which weapons from the government have been distributed. and which have proved to be more effective than the Fardc. The RDC has signed a parallel agreement recently with Uganda who will have a stabilizer role especially in Ituri. but also Nord Kivu. Ugandan troops are more accepted than the Rwandan ones in the territory of the RDC. are already present (more discreetly than the Rwandans). The life of Goma. Bukavu (occupied by the M23) is very difficult: the banks are closed and to get some money to arrive, the systems via cell phone (for small sums) or go to nearby Gisenyi in Rwanda are used. So Kigali is “annexing” the area. “

(Sant’Egidio is present both in Goma and Bukavu. The manager is called Aline Minani. directs the School of Sant’Egidio who has now also become a place of refuge and has never stopped working. He is named after Floribert Bwana Chui. the new blessed martyr and a member of Sant’Egidio, killed in 2007 at 26 for having destroyed a load of foods Refused the Mazzetta.